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Ten years after the withdrawal of soviet troops: Where does Afghanistan stand? Although it seems absurd, the civil war which is now devastating Afghanistan since the withdrawal of soviet troops is in fact the coral centre of ethnic, religious and geopolitical conflicts in this region. The coming to power of the Taleban in Kabul acknowledges for the success of a former Pakistani plan which consisted in breaking up the afghan nationalism by supporting the religious extremes, in order to destroy its programm of unification of pachtoun lands which threatened the Pakistan frontiers since 1974. The junction in the mid nineties of the interests of Pakistan and of the United States and Saudi Arabia was based upon covetousness over the natural wealth of central Asia, and was led against the crossed influences of chiite Iran and post soviet Russia. But in the face of international terrorism, the United States start to go back on their policy over this region.