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Introduction: The role of sports clubs in health promotion has been underexploited according to policymakers and researchers. Drawing on the health-promoting sports clubs national audit tool developed by the World Health Organization, this study reviews of national public policies supporting health promotion in sports clubs. Methods: The content of policy documents was analyzed with respect to key quality criteria for health policies (references to other documents, policy framing, and evaluation). We examined the content of these documents (target groups, health topics, type of policy instruments) and the mechanisms used by French decision-makers for coordination, evaluation, dissemination, and implementation of these policies. The document review was completed by interviews with 11 key stakeholders. Results: A total of 56 policy actions were identified across 10 policy documents, primarily from the sports and health ministries. Most actions focused on a single health behavior—physical activity—and two-thirds relied on educational policy instruments rather than systematic changes. Conclusions: The policy landscape is characterized as fragmented, competing with sport-health policies, lacking evaluation and coordination, and remaining distant from implementation at the local level. Future research is needed to better understand the impact of these policies and the alignment between national and local levels.