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This article analyzes the trajectory of Postcolonial Studies in the global academic world in order to question the process of international knowledge transfer and institutionalization. By showing how Postcolonial Studies have entered into the French academic field, this article points to the disciplines, such as Anthropology, which play a fundamental role in the resistance encountered by Postcolonial Studies in France. Moreover, this article underlines how Social Anthropology dominated by Structuralism was a major obstacle to the rise of Postcolonial Studies in France. It therefore highlights the role of two epistemological ruptures led by Lévi-Strauss, with Philosophy and American Anthropology, to explain the late emergence of Postcolonial Studies in the field of French Anthropology, and more broadly, in the Social Sciences.