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For the first time, the United Nations Human Rights Committee has taken a decision regarding climate change. This highly expected decision confirms the vocation of quasi-judicial and judicial human rights monitoring bodies to address climate change issues through litigation when human rights are violated. In the case examined here, indigenous inhabitants of the Torres Strait Islands in Australia claimed the inadequacy of the state’s climate action violated their rights. The UN body found a violation of the applicant’s right to private and family life and home, and their right to culture. It ruled that the state adopt positive preventive obligations to enhance its strategies to tackle climate change.