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Empathy is a multi-component process consisting of at least two systems: one that involves state-matching or affective sharing referred to as emotional empathy, and a more deliberate and controlled cognitive component called cognitive empathy [1]. Recent neuropsychological evidence indicates that emotional empathy is supported by a neural network that includes the inferior frontal gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule. This system also involves the empathy for pain network, including the anterior insula and anterior cingulate. Cognitive empathy, on the other hand, involves a neural network that includes the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction, and the medial temporal lobe. The two empathy systems appear to be dissociable and differentially affected in various neuropsychological and psychiatric syndromes. Nonetheless, despite the independence of each system, it appears that every empathic response may still involve both components to some degree. In addition, we show that empathy deficits may affect not only a patient's behavior but also the wellbeing of his/her surroundings.