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This paper explains the complexity at the heart of the question of the decentralization of industrial relations. At the start of the 1970s, this approach became prevalent in most countries in the European Union, with the notable exception of the United Kingdom. However, a degree of diversity in the sectorial systems of collective labor relations constitutes a first illustration of the question. More recently, wage increases have been subjected to a national standard as well as to European coordination. In addition, multi-dimensionality is observed in the choice of topics negotiated among the interlocutors. This evolution supports the widening of the gap between the standards determined at central level and the evolution of the effective terms of employment at the level of companies.