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After fifteen centuries of a "Christ-centered" reading of the Scriptures, two centuries with very different crises would propose new approaches: the 16th century as the Century of Reformation and the 17th as the century of criticism. After the confrontation of Erasmus and Luther, the confrontation of the Libertines and apologists, then the appearance of what would become critical exegesis, notably with J. Meyer, Spinoza, and R. Simon, another sensibility towards the Scriptures would be created, in keeping with perceptions of the universe and reason influenced by the philosophy of Descartes. A new epistemology would necessarily be put in place. The resistance of Church authorities was powerless against an approach that was not only "scientific" bu would influence the religious reading of these Scriptures in the future. Have the questions that this approach would raise, from the standpoint of how the believer receives the Scriptures and the dogma of inspiration, been answered ? this questioning should be the core of the conference for which all these readings are a preparation.