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This article endeavors to take stock of the critical realism introduced by the theologian Ian Barbour in order to establish a “bridge” between science and theology. We shall see why and how Barbour employs this philosophy, which on his view best links ontology and epistemology, to propose a dialogue and even an integration between science and theology. This critical realism was taken up by other scientist theologians, notably Peacocke and Polkinghorne, with a few nuances analyzed here.