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This article analyses recent decentralized transformations in India in relation to economic reforms adopted in 1991 and to mutations in its political system. The changes offer regional governments an occasion to redraw autonomous political orientations within the scope of national macro-economic policies. The case is well presented by Andra Pradesh, a State whose overtly liberal policies and compulsive growth strategies are quite remarkable. Governed since 1996 and 2004 by the regional party of Telogu Desam, this State has succeeded in attracting private investors and international funding agencies.