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Although they are not voluminous, St. Thomas’s commentaries on Scripture are essential to his practical theology. After recalling the keys to reading and interpreting Biblical texts according to the customs and traditions of his time, G. Berceville arrives at St. Thomas’ interpretation of the "I" in the discourse of St. Paul in the crucial text of Rm 7, 14-25. While taking into account what the "Authorities had said, " St. Thomas nevertheless pointed out his "preferences. " This text, concerning the good which is difficult to do and the evil that presents itself to the "I", can be applied to the just man as well as to the sinner. In contrast, Luther’s reading - a reaction against the naturalism of the Renaissance — came at the end of a radical transformation of reason and philosophy. This "reading" reveals both the strangeness of Thomas ’ exegesis today, and Luther’s sensitivity to the historical dimension of man, which structures his "theological anthropology. " It also raises the question : Is it possible today to follow the school of Thomas the contemplative without losing the uneasy attention our modernity brings to history which God enters and saves ?