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This article covers the relationships between the decentralised structure of authorities and administrations and the conditions of local development in the federative Republic of Brazil. It also explores the processes of dissolution in which communes are involved and its viability consequences, a series of programmes of action clarifying the methods of management of local public affairs, the interplay of inter-institutional relationships, the inter-partisan alliances implicated, the budgetary considerations of the communities and the territorial inscription of fiscal instruments. The analysis brings to light some obstacles which prevent the capacity of decentralized Brazilian administrative apparatus to bring about local development.