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É. Roudinesco has just published a book proposing a survey of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis in France. Since the 9th of August 2004 a new law has placed restrictions on the use of the title of psychoanalyst. The law follows a severe debate between the State and psychoanalytical associations about quacks and sects and entails a new division within the field of psychoanalysis. É. Roudinesco has chosen to examine these events from a historical point of view focussing on written documents as they are used by the State (lists, annuals, directories). Her study is enriched by references to Foucault’s Les anormaux and a previous essay of hers, L’Archive.