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Aim: To compare gender personality traits in 46,XX CAH patients to those observed in 46,XY patients with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) or gonadal dysgenesis (GD). Patients and methods Thirty-six 46,XX CAH, three 46,XY AIS, and four 46,XY GD patients were included in the study. The Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) was used to measure masculinity and femininity, and to research gender roles. Results The lowest femininity values were observed in CAH patients and the highest in patients with AIS. Age at study was not associated with BSRI scores. CAH patients with a Prader score of 4 had lower median femininity scores than those who had a Prader score of 3; however, the difference was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: A predominance of masculine personality behavioral traits in females with CAH most likely result from fetal brain exposure to high levels of androgens.