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What do dengue fever, malaria, chikungunya, Zika, Lyme disease, and leishmaniasis have in common? They are all transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods (insects or mites), and they all have the potential to cause severe problems for both public health and economies. The epidemiology of these diseases is evolving, driven by climate change and other global shifts. In addition to our warming climate, there are a number of anthropogenic factors contributing to the emergence or reemergence of some of these diseases. Outbreaks of illnesses once considered unique to the tropics have been recorded in temperate zones. In light of these changes, it is essential that adaptation measures are put in place to facilitate a targeted and risk-proportionate public health response. Monitoring systems, designed around the transmission cycle of each pathogen, will be particularly important.