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Sexuality is a fundamental part of a person’s life. Its influence on important aspects of human life has been demonstrated in numerous studies. Nevertheless, the link between sex life and quality of life in couples is not generally emphasized. Objective: To describe relevant knowledge on the influence of sexuality on quality of life in couples and the determinants of sexuality that may explain this influence. Materials and methods: We followed preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to conduct this systematic review, which involved searching four databases—PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, and ScienceDirect—for studies published between 2018 and 2023 on this topic. Fifteen studies were selected. Results: All the studies considered revealed that sexual function has a fundamental role in marital satisfaction. Several determinants, such as endometriosis, sexual dysfunction, STDs, infertility, pregnancy, childbirth, puerperium, and certain psychosocial factors, can explain the influence of sexuality on the couple’s quality of life. Conclusion: The results show that health care professionals should not neglect issues relating to the sexuality of patients and couples.