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The target of this paper is to analyze the questions raised by the introduction of the notion of competence in the framework of the traditional French collective wage relation. After having studied its origins and the ways through which it has been introduced in the qualification scales, the author underlines the stakes of these negotiations and the actor’s strategies that could explain the conclusion of such compromises. Finally, she stresses the characteristics of these rules, the terms of the collective guarantees thus produced, and how they may transform the French industrial relation system.