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The territorial recomposition was also provoked by changing notions of this topic, in particular concerning governance. Many governments have altered their process of policy development and have adopted new tools. The notions of “governance” and of a New Public Management, which have had considerable influence in Europe as well as in Canada, have thus been adopted. Adopted in Canada by the federal government in the 1980s and 1990s, these tools have initiated a new approach to intergovernmental relations. This article examines the efforts of the Canadian federal government to implement the New Public Management in three sectors of social policy: health, children, and employment. The study reveals that the sectors do not all apply the same exact tools. A diversity is also manifest on a geographical level; this results from the operating leeway of the two levels of government on the federal structure that enables each level of government to influence the policies on territorial recomposition. By and large, Canada is at a crossroads. A tension clearly exists between, on the one hand, a strong inclination of the federal government to take charge in this matter and, on the other hand, an apparent increased appreciation of ongoing negotiations with the provincial governments.