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Efferocytosis is an important mechanism in the control of inflammatory processes. Efficient efferocytosis inhibits accumulation of apoptotic cells, and maintains homeostasis before the onset of necrosis, which can cause inflammation. During efferocytosis, mitochondrial fission and the oxidative stress process are linked through reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress control. Autophagy plays an important role in inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis, and in promoting efferocytosis by activated inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages. Autophagy in neutrophils is activated by phagocytosis of pathogens or activation of pattern recognition receptors. Autophagy is essential for major neutrophil functions, including degranulation, oxidative stress, and release of neutrophil extracellular cytokines. Failed efferocytosis is a key mechanism driving the development and progression of chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Impairment of efferocytosis in apoptotic macrophages is a determinant of atherosclerosis severity and the vulnerability of plaques to rupture. Eliminating efferocytosis pathways leads to aggravated inflammation and increased atherosclerosis.