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New generations of French and German historians are naturally and really bi-national. They have seriously practiced comparative history and the study of cultural transfers. In spite of their success, they agree today that bilateralism is neither an end nor an aim in itself. The history of Europe is rather multilateral and this multilateralism needs to be better invented. The conclusion of the paper puts forward three pedagogical proposals for high school education: the collection of family memoires, the observation of local traces of the presence of the Other, and the discovery of shared places of memory.