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Marx against Althusser in Misère de la philosophie Challenging Louis Althusser’s quest for scientificity in Marxism – focusing on Marx’s epistemological break with Feuerbach’s ‘humanistic’ concept of alienation (1845) –, Fjled insists on the conceptual intertwining of Feuerbach’s category of alienation with Adam Smith’s notion of the division of labor in Marx’s early thought. In The Poverty of Philosophy (1847), Fjled pinpoints a rejection of this conceptual couple and, more generally, of any logic of historic movement as the pillar of the critique of capitalism, in order to explore democratic tendencies in Marx’s œuvre. The aim is thus to highlight the conceptual and political consequences of this rejection, as opposed to the foundations of scientificity inherited from the discourse of political economy.