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Israeli Identity in an Era of Communitarian Mobilization The state of Israel can be seen as the product of an identity enterprise : the Zionist national project. However, since the 1990s and the Oslo period, this identity project has ceased to be hegemonic. Academic discourse on Israeli society has thus seen the emergence of two new projects capable of eventually overcoming it : post-Zionism and neo-Zionism. It today seems that the tension between these two poles of the Israeli identity landscape is no longer capable of capturing the reality of a society that should instead be understood as consisting of a multiplicity of communities. These groups - eastern Jews, Russians from the former USSR and Israeli Palestinians - simultaneously demand integration and the recognition of their cultural specificities by mobilizing various repertories of action depending on their degree of social and political involvement. ?