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Present in quantities ranging from hundreds of milligrams to several grams in various environmental compartments, trace metal elements (TMEs), formerly known as “heavy metals,” have been the subject of much discussion in recent years due to their major toxicological impact on human health. They are divided into essential elements such as iron, zinc, copper, selenium, manganese; and toxic elements such as mercury, cadmium, lead, lithium, and arsenic. Essential trace elements play a vital role in the body, and their deficiency can alter important physiological functions, while toxic elements have no physiological role and can lead to serious illnesses. However, essential elements can also cause poisoning depending on their concentrations and chemical forms. The industrialization of the modern world has exposed the global population to high concentrations of trace elements that can be toxic in the short or long term. These TMEs enter the human body through various pathways (inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact). The clinical manifestations of TME poisonings are highly varied and nonspecific, making their diagnosis and management difficult. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) can detect poisoning, enabling the simultaneous quantification of around thirty trace metal elements in biological media. This has led to the establishment of a new approach: the metal profile, which has many applications in clinical biology and clinical, forensic, occupational, and environmental toxicology.