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L’École rénovée  : a journal focused on “éducation nouvelle” between anarchism and unionism (1908-1909) T he journal L’École rénovée was launched by Francisco Ferrer and expresses a variety of sympathies, orientations, and strategies within the movement for a new education in which libertarian, socialist and revolutionary unionist trends mixing. libertarian criticism censuring initially the republican school model, unionised teachers in primary school wanted to conciliate their activist position towards individual self-fulfillment and the advent of an education-driven egalitarian school with their commitments as actors within a state school institution. The idea of setting up new schools gradually gave way to reform school practices within the institutional framework when teachers claimed autonomy in their practices promppted by direct action unionism.