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By the end of the Napoleonic Empire, among the Israelite population in France, which consisted of approximately 65,000 persons, 60 conversions were recorded. Although the number is low, what is striking is that most took place in Alsace, with the converts often related to notables belonging to the Consistory. This development may be linked to an exodus from Judaism among the Jewish elite during the Restoration, a phenomenon unique in the 19th century. This paper brings to light the fact that those who converted were in no way unconventional. Unlike those of later generations, some had a thorough knowledge of Judaism and became involved in the establishment of the Jewish educational system together with the Consistories, preoccupied as they were with the regeneration of French Judaism. As the outcome of a spiritual quest and of the strong appeal of the Catholic religion, these conversions, which often led the converts to go into the Church, can be seen as a successful attempt to carry out their own regeneration. Two types of responses then emerged: preaching to their former fellow Jews, and evangelization among pagans.