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This article is devoted to Kojin Karatani, a representative philosopher in contemporary Japan, and to the indirect dialogue between his structuralist and Freudian reading of Capital (developed in 1974 in Marx: the centre of possibility) and the Althusserian theses in For Marx and Reading Capital. Underlining Karatani’s emphasis on the internal heterogeneity of capitalist social formation (later developed through the concept of “parallax”), he follows up the implications of his explanation with Althusserian structuralism, both for the Marxist theory of value and the strategic field of possibility of struggles against capitalism.