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Pyotr Lavrov (1823-1900) read and enjoyed Auguste Comte, Spencer and Darwin. He criticized Comte’s objectivism, which neglects the subjective dimension in the understanding of social dynamics and historical science. The values and choices of moral persons are not reducible to natural facts, but they are still facts and Lavrov emphasizes the concept of “critical personality.” History has to become the science of subjective motivations and use an anthropology of the probable.