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The local knowledge of native maize landraces and of the milpa cultivated by the Ñuu Savi can be considered in agrifood policies for the alleviation of hunger in Oaxaca. However, ethical, practical and political challenges remain. Agricultural government institutions and transnational companies exercise the control and the power over the agrifood systems. The recognition of these local knowledges creates political tensions. To consider local knowledge in the development agricultural policies, the power structure as well as the hegemonic cultural models of modernization and progress would have to change. Throughout a fieldwork done in two municipalities, I analyse the dynamics of maize landraces knowledge as the result of multiple crossings of knowledges with the interaction of the agricultural policies.