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Economic and political integration efforts in the West African space have resulted in the creation of community organisations constituting a framework for the design of development strategies for States in this sub-region. The community framework thus results in a body of criminal law for economic and business matters that is uniform at the national level and heterogeneous at the sub-regional level. The justice system, as the primary actor in the criminal response to money laundering and the financing of terrorist activities, faces multiple challenges, including how to adapt its structure by implementing the specialisation of its component units, how to improve its practice by advantageously incorporating new techniques for judicial processing and different forms of mutual assistance, including the use of communication gateways, recourse to international aid, and asset identification and management. In this context, the judicial response must be reimagined and adjusted to meet the specific nature of the new financial threats.