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This article presents the main contributions made by the school of thought known as the sociology of gendered social relations to French materialist feminism. First, it summarizes the premises of this theory and the tensions out of which it arose. It then shows how three major epistemic contributions from this school (the gendered division of labour, social relations, consubstantiality) provide the foundations for a materialist sociology of social relations and of their articulation. Finally, it explores ‘emancipatory work’ by highlighting the ambivalences that structure the production of dominated subjectivities, the dynamics that lead to people becoming politically active, and the organisation of activist work.