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After a discussion of the genesis of the approaches taken by various international authorities to the handling of ill-gotten gains in light of the scale of the misappropriation of funds, the article analyses the decisive action taken by Transparency International and other NGOs to obtain justice. In the wake of the sanctions pronounced against certain African Heads of State, questions arise about the restitution of assets to their countries of origin. The author examines the need for a structured and transparent system to ensure the return of seized assets in appropriate conditions.