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This article deals with health and identity issues linked to disciplinary conversion affecting “Accounting and office automation techniques” teachers in agricultural education. It is based on a three-year research program initiated by the unions, aiming to analyze the conditions of this retraining and its impact on these teachers. This takes an interdisciplinary perspective mobilizing the ergonomic model, the activity system model, and the psychodynamic approach to work. Nineteen interviews were carried out with volunteer teachers, in retraining. After presenting the many health problems associated with this transition process, we analyze their multiple determinants and reveal the resistance and defense strategies deployed in an attempt to make sense of this compulsory transformation process of “oneself”.