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The aim of the research, conducted on a sample of 357 people (58% women, 42% men, aged between 18 and 50, with 38% students and 22% employees), was to clarify the impact of the inequality’s target gender group and the subjects’ gender on the estimation and types of explanations for gender-related inequalities. Subjects were asked to judge a series of inequalities indicated, depending on the experimental conditions, either to the disadvantage of women or to the disadvantage of men. The results show that: 1) when inequalities are indicated against women, they are judged to be more unfair, and there are more social explanations than when they are indicated against men (for which psychological explanations are, on the contrary, more frequent); 2) subjects mobilize more social explanations for inequalities affecting their own gender group, and more psychological explanations when they concern the other gender group; 3) subjects are more sensitive to inequalities affecting their own gender, this phenomenon being more pronounced among women. In conclusion, we mention the interest of working on the links between the types of explanation and the egalitarian ideologies “Gender Aware” (achieving equality requires taking gender differences into consideration) and “Gender Blind” (on the contrary, achieving equality requires treating people equally, regardless of their gender)..