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Over the last thirty years or so, sectors faced with major risks, such as aeronautics and hospitals, have developed management tools to improve awareness of “undesirable events” and prevent their recurrence. This has led to the development of a principle of “non-punishment”, under which an institution undertakes not to punish unintentional errors, provided they are reported. The aim is to combat the silence that often surrounds incidents caused through human error. Applying the principle of non-punishment to the justice system, with a view to mitigating and anticipating risks, is possible and even desirable.