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From the moment Freud discovered ancient Greek culture, it constituted for him the matrix in which he formulated his psychoanalytical methods, concepts, and practices. Such is the evidence of this fact that it should not be neglected. The traces of ancient Greek culture made possible the development of psychoanalysis at the same moment that positivist science challenged the tragic hermeneutics of the subject. Freud was able to find clear outlines for his discovery because discourse about classical Greek culture broke into the positivist civilization at the end of the 19th century. But whatever the involvement in the invention of his concepts, it was not so much the content of this classical discourse that enabled Freud’s innovations, but the form of rationality that it envisaged.