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This article shows through different case-studies that there is a diversity of management methods in non-profit organizations. Some of them have been governed by professionals who are autonomous with management being very reduced. Others have been instrumentalized by publicly controlled management tools. But, in certain cases, there have been attempts to define management tools through a multistakeholders approach. All these contrasted realities of management obviously show that management rules do not have to be imported from the for-profit establishments. There is a need to define an independent public space for an heuristic debate between actors, researchers and advisors about appropriate management and governance in NGO s.