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This article is the text of a conference given at the Fudan University of Shanghai in April 2013, within the framework of Labex Transfers. The author, with his clinical experience with Chinese patients at the Institut hospitalier de psychanalyse, Sainte-Anne, seeks to show that to think China in a radical otherness prevents the meeting of the Chinese subject with psychoanalysis and the psychoanalyst with the Chinese world. To this aim, it draws on Western mythology concerning Chinese writing. The articulation of psychoanalysis in the Chinese world is first and foremost a question of translation of texts and psychoanalytical concepts, but not without an articulation on clinical practice. This same practice leads the author to think that the unconscious structure of the Chinese subject does not differ radically from that of the Western subject.