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In France, the traditional family has exploded; it is no longer one but multiple. In the course of his life, the child goes through many ordeals which will weaken or strengthen his trust in his parents and the world of adults. I will focus my analysis on the key moments for the child: pregnancy, the newborn as a decoder of emotions, the emergence of speech and the confrontation with the dissonance between verbal and nonverbal languages, the breakdown of the parental couple (this is the case for one third of children under ten), the use of smartphones and the internet by young children. How can the child and his parents be supported in such a way that a relationship of trust emerges that is not blind but critical? I will explore the essential role of listening to the child and his training in democratic life.