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The Kurdish question is the endless drama of populations of common ethnicity and culture essentially struggling with the four states in which they are living. These states indeed only painfully accept the reality of their distinct identity and absolutely refuse the idea of their independence, whether it arises from segmented secessions or from irredentist political unification. In their four states of establishment, the Kurds today have very different political statuses, ranging from officially recognized autonomy (Iraq) to an extremely precarious effective situation of their rights (Iran), including self-proclaimed autonomy (Syria) and a kind of lasting political tolerance (Turkey). If the end of the Cold War favored the affirmation of the Kurdish cause which gained strong support from the West, it also heightened suspicions towards it in a very anti-American Middle East. Since October 2023, the Gaza war has confirmed the ambiguity of the position of the Kurds, caught between the need to preserve their alliance with the West and their difficulty in expressing solidarity with the Palestinians, the other stateless nation in the region.