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Subject: Medication compliance in the case of chronic pathologies represents a true public health issue. Wilson’s disease is a rare genetic disease for which, exceptionally enough, effective treatments are available. Despite its deadly potential without proper treatment, many patients not only forget to take their pills but also lie to their doctor about it. We will question the nature of this lie and attempt to shed light on the psychic truth it conceals for patients but also for their doctors. Methods: Through semi-structured interviews with ten non-symptomatic patients and five doctors from the Centre de Référence de la Maladie de Wilson (Hôpital Lariboisière), we will attempt to unearth the psychic processes underlying these lies. Results: The non-compliant patient’s lie is a manifestation of their psychic life. First and foremost, patients are lying to themselves about the threat posed by the fatal illness, facilitated by the absence of any perceivable symptoms. But the lie also concerns doctors and their psychic movements with regard to this same question, which they sometimes appear to be trying to avoid.