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Since the end of last century, a radical critique of “literary theory” has emerged, and much more generally of all theoretical fields linked to the rise of formalisms at the beginning of the 20th century and their theorization of Literature. The question of the anthropological function of the literary fact and its continuity is the main blind spot of such criticisms. Today, the persistence of the questioning of the notion of identity, by literature, in fact testifies to the existence of the survival of literary theories from the last century and the link they have maintained with a certain conception of literature in relation to ideology by highlighting the permanence of an anthropological question.