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This study aims to: a) analyze the different types of methodologies used to study the Self in children, in terms of their quality and potential and b) synthesize results in terms of the Self/self-esteem/self-concept in children. After establishing strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, thirty-three articles were selected from several databases. Results indicate that the Self of young children can be measured through self-reporting methodologies, using a multidimensional or global dimension. The relationship between attachment and the Self was examined and we found evidence of a positive link between the two constructs. Finally, our results indicate that even if it is possible to use a multidimensional or comprehensive methodology, both are complementary and produce more interesting explanations.