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How, as you are called on to conduct work 1) that is not psychoanalytical 2) that does not form part of psychoanalysis or take place within psychotherapy 3) whose professional pretext bears essentially on facts, on events 4) that is pursued within a group and 5) whose group-based arrangement is regarded as being decisive, can you be and remain a psychoanalyst? While “It is the  theory which  decides what can be observed” (A. Einstein), clinical practice in plural and multi-subjective situations forces the psychoanalyst to construe his or her work in the perspective of “the extension of psychoanalysis” and the consequences of a “metapsychology of the third kind” (R. Kaës). However, work on the phantasm (the psychoanalyst’s essential concern) requires a change in epistemology and for us to leave behind the paradigm of psychology, based on a prior review of the Freudian concept of the unconscious. In such situations, what can group psychoanalytical work be, what legitimates it?