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Despite the numerous communication campaigns for vaccination in France, a trust issue in this preventative treatment persists. Many studies deal with the individuals’ relationship to vaccination, but mostly in a fragmented manner, for instance focusing on a particularity (e.g., a type of disease). This research studies the link between French people and vaccination in a more holistic way by examining the online opinions of a sample who took part in the “Citizen consultation on vaccination.” The corpus of this qualitative study (5,702 responses collected) was the subject of an automated lexical analysis. Four main themes are highlighted: actors/interests and conflicts of interest; vaccination decision (choice/obligation); goals and consequences of the decision; actions, prevention, and proximity. The originality of this research lies in the semiotic analysis of the structure of these categories and helps to better understand the way vaccination is—or is not—understood in France.