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What conditions are necessary for the adoption of agro-pastoral innovation in the Maghreb’s vulnerable areas? The examples selected for this paper show that technologies that reduce market dependency for inputs while increasing potential for diversification in outputs have a greater chance of adoption in challenging and uncertain environments. They also make it clear that although supportive agricultural policies are necessary, they are not enough for the adoption process to take place, as this requires significant social investments in communication and dialogue. Finally, the adoption of innovation is severely hampered by the lack of producers’ organizations as well as by social differences.