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The “cerebral” illumination of adolescence allows us to show that there is at this age a complex process of interaction between environment and cerebral organization capable of remodeling the latter in accordance with new restraints, both extrinsic and intrinsic. Social, psychological and biological interact, with the brain being marked with both the changes of the outer world and the psychological restraints of the adolescent process itself. Adolescence would thus illustrate, almost like a caricature, a continuous adaptive mechanism that can help us to conceive of other major periods of change in life.