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This article addresses the links between disaster and development through the perspective of post-disaster reconstruction. It draws upon multiple examples to contribute to the broad literature on disaster, reconstruction and development. Reconstruction is a critical period that can speed up – or, conversely, hamper – the development of an affected region. The difficult reconciliation between long-term and short-term needs, coordination issues between administrative and political scales, and spatial and social inequalities are all frequently encountered throughout the reconstruction process. The objective here is to identify the principles of an ethical and preventive recovery with regards to reducing vulnerabilities and socio-spatial disparities. The analysis of medium and long-term recovery pathways helps define challenges and opportunities for fostering development in the aftermath of disasters. For reconstruction to foster development it is essential to respect the principles of preventive reconstruction that entail genuine participation of people affected in respect of their culture, coordination between local and national governments, recognition of pre-existing environmental and politico-economic constraints, and finally consideration of the future risks.