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When he comes to reflect on personal identity, Leibniz engages in a direct dialogue with Locke, to whom he intends to demonstrate that consciousness, as it is defined by Descartes, isn’t the only criterion of human personality. In this dialogue, Hobbes plays a decisive part : first, because his theory of the natural person helps to distinguish between the metaphysical question of individualizing a substance and the moral issue of what constitutes the moral identity of a person; second, because his theory of humanmortality allows him to refute the principle of a metaphysical identity of man, that is, the idea of a substantial human immortality; finally, because he furnishes Leibniz with a concept of consciousness which is used by the latter as a means of criticizing the idea that the Cartesian conception of consciousness is a proper criteria for personal identity.