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This article revisits the intellectual journey leading Lukács from a strong constructivism to a more pronounced naturalism in the light of contemporary ecological debates, which are polarized by the opposition between naturalism and antinaturalism. In History and Class Consciousness, Lukács’s critique of the naturalization of sociohistorical reality leads him to discredit the very concept of nature: this strong constructivism prevents his early philosophy of praxis from questioning the ecological relations between nature and society. In contrast, The Ontology of Social Being interrogates the natural conditions of human praxis. Although the later Lukács does point out the possible contradiction between the telos of human action and the causal nexus in which it unfolds, his optimistic vision of history dismisses the very possibility of an ecological crisis of capitalism.