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Marxist ideas and writings originating in China are largely neglected in the French context. This article ventures a few reasons why that may be the case and highlights the pervasive presence of Marxist references in present-day China, from the country’s highest political organs to intellectuals. The article also touches on Marxist analyses of China’s multifaceted social realities, pointing out challenges in applying broad categorizations to them (e.g., capitalism vs socialism). Beyond this special issue of Actuel Marx, further research on China along multiple dimensions is called for.