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The first notion of socialism is sometimes confused with the birth of a “social physiology” or “social science”. Its leading representatives were often referred to as Saint-Simon, Auguste Comte and Philippe Buchez within the Saint-Simonian newspaper, Le Producteur. The desire to make the transition from individual physiology to social physiology was an undeniably central feature of Saint-Simonianism. Between 1825 and 1832, among the young Saint-Simonians at the time, there circled the little-known Constantin Pecqueur (1801-1887). While he did not frequent the Saint-Simonian family for long, criticizing in particularly its political aporia, his later work played a part in the construction of a social science capable of competing with political economy. Reflecting the totality of this emerging tradition, the work of Pecqueur does not adhere to the separation of knowledge and practice, science and politics. Rather, it reflects a desire to develop a system of know­ledge pertaining to society, which would be capable of sustaining a political project. Understanding the 19th century society enables the “speculation” of its future, while imagining this future would enable the reformation of its present.